Vasun Petcharat and Anusorn Tongwised

pp. 727 - 740

Abstract

This study is aimed to use oil palm residues to cultivate the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus,
which is one of the most important mushrooms cultivated worldwide. Spawn was prepared on sorghum seeds
and inoculated on substrate in plastic bags.
Oil palm fronds were cut and used to grow Pleurotus ostreatus. The first fructification occurred 20
days after waterring. The biological efficiency reached at 28.6%. When sawdust of para rubber logs was
added to the cut oil palm fronds at the rate of 1:1 (vol : vol.), the biological efficiency reached at 39.3%.
Supplementary material at the rate of 5% was also added into the combination of cut oil palm frond and
sawdust. The result showed that rice bran, corn meal or oil palm-kernel meal give yields between 142.2-165.0
g/bag (B.E. = 42.8-49.6), which were not statistically different.
Oil palm pericarp waste was also used as main substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation. The average
yield obtained during 40 days havesting period was 112.6 g/bag (B.E. = 64.3%). Addition of sawdust or rice
bran into pericarp waste decreased the yield of the basidiocarps.
Palm-kernel meal at the rate of 5-20% was used as a supplement material. Addition of 20% palmkernel meal into sawdust supported higher yield. The biological efficiency reached 55.8%. From the above results, four formulae of the substrate were prepared. Treatment of oil palm pericarp
waste + 3% rice bran + 3% corn meal + 0.75% Ca(OH₂
) supported higher yield of the basidiocarps. The
average yield obtained from 950 g of substrate was 190.2 g during 60 days havesting (B.E. = 57.2%). Using
6% palm-kernel substitute 3% rice bran + 3% corn meal supported the same yield (B.E. = 56.2%)
Using sawdust as the main substrate, the yield achieved was less than that obtained with oil palm
pericarp waste. The average yield from treatment of sawdust + 3% rice bran + 3% corn meal + 0.75% Ca
(OH₂
) was 154.0 g/bag (B.E. = 46.3%) while treatment of sawdust + 6% palm-kernel meal + 0.75% Ca (OH₂
)
was 153.2 g/bag. (B.E. = 46.1%)
From the above results it is suggested that oil palm residues can be used as an alternative substrate
for P. ostreatus production.

Keywords

• Pleurotus ostreatus
• oyster mushroom
• oil palm residues