Original Article |
2011, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 151-161
Diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in two rubber plantations in Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand
Suparoek Watanasit and Trirat Nhu-eard
pp. 151 - 161
Abstract
Ants play important roles in tropical rainforest ecosystems. In southern Thailand, many such areas have been extensively logged and replaced by rubber plantations. Since changes to the environment can cause changes to the diversity of flora and fauna, the objectives of this study were to determine habitat influences on the ant composition between homogenous and heterogeneous rubber plantations, and to investigate if any environmental factors can be directly correlated with changes in the ant community. Three 100 m–line-transects, spaced 100 m apart, were laid out at two study sites. Four sampling methods, hand collecting (HC), leaf litter sampling (LL), honey bait (HB) and soil sampling (SS), were used to sample ants. Temperature, humidity, and precipitation were recorded. Samples were collected every two months from June 2004 to April 2005. The results showed that a total of six subfamilies (Aenictinae, Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinaem and Pseudomyrmecinae), comprising 29 genera and 87 species were found in the two study sites. The dominant genera were Pheidole and Crematogaster, followed by Pheidologeton and Pachycondyla. The sampling methods used in this study indicated that LL and HC were most suitable for sampling ants, and any combination of sampling methods detected more ant species than a single method did. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) grouped ant species between the two types of rubber plantation, and also divided ant species into three groups by sampling method: HC group, SS group and LL+HB group. DCA did not group ant species by seasonal changes, however. Further, canonical correspondence analysis detected no effect of temperature, humidity, or precipitation on the ant community.