Kitjakarn Supamattaya, Nophamat Suntornchareonnon, Mali Boonyaratpalin, Jareeporn Ruangsri, Thanan Tattanon, and Thanawut Klowkliang

pp. 55 - 70

Abstract

Chemical analysis of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extracts using TLC/densitometry, showed an extract
contain 21.57%w/w of three important curcuminoids: curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin. GC and MS were used to analyze volatile oils. Aromatic turmerone, α-turmerone and zingiberene were also obtained. Qualitative and quantitative analyses alcoholic extract of Andrographis paniculata using
TLC, revealed that the extracts contain three important compounds in total lactone of 30.49% w/w. There are
andrographolide,14-deoxy-11-12-didehydroandrographolide and neoandrographolide. TLC-chromatogram
of Clinacanthus nutans extract after reacted with anisaldehyde/sulfuric acid showed a 9 key compounds,
while preliminary neutralization test of the compounds revealed that there were active compounds against
HSV-1 virus.
In vitro efficacy test revealed that Curcuma longa and Andrographis paniculata extracts at 250 and
1,500 mg/L could eradicate 15 isolates of Vibrio spp. which were isolated from infected shrimps. Effects of
medicinal plant extracts incorporated into the diet on shrimp immune responses were investigated. Shrimp
fed diet containing Clinacanthus nutans extract at 20 mg/kg of diet had good growth, FCR and immune
responses. The shrimp that were fed diet containing Curcuma longa extracts at 25 mg/kg of diet for 7-14 days
showed high resistance to Vibrio harveyi. Likewise, the shrimp fed Andrographis paniculata extract at 25 mg/
kg of diet for 14 days had a higher resistance to WSSV. Incorporating the medicinal extracts at higher levels
resulted in reduction in diet palatability which consequently had an effect on a decrease in growth, immune
responses and resistance to bacterial and WSSV infection.